GLOSSARY

(Proper names are given in capitals, words with English

terminations in italics.)

abhayam—fearlessness.

abhyasa—Yogic practice.

acharya—teacher.

ahankara—the ego-sense, egoism.

ahinsa—non-violence.

akarta—a non-doer.

Akshara—the immobile, the immutable.

ananda—spiritual delight, the bliss of the Spirit.

anisha—not lord, not master of but subject to the nature.

anumanta—giver of sanction.

apana—the incoming breath.

artha—self-interest.

Asura—a hostile being of the mental world.

Asuric—relating to, of the nature of the Asuras.

Atman—the Self or Spirit.

avatara—descent or incarnation of God.

avikarya—free from all change.

avyaktam—the unmanifest.

bhakti—emotional devotion felt for the Divine.

bharta—upholder, maintainer of the nature.

bhava—subjective state or feeling ; becoming.

bhuta—any one of the five elements — earth, water, fire, air,
ether—which form part of the list of tattwas.

bhutani—becomings, existences.

brahmacharya—sexual purity.

Brahman—the Supreme Reality that is one and indivisible and
infinite, besides which nothing else really exists.

Brahmic—relating to Brahman.

buddhi—the reason, intelligence, mental power of under-
standing.

Chandala—pariah, outcaste.

chaturvarnya—the four orders—Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya,
Shudra — of the old Indian social culture.

Daivic—relating to, of the nature of the Devas.

dakshina—giving.

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Danava—a Titan.
Deva—a god.
dhama—status, place.

dharma—action governed by the essential law of one's nature;

right moral law.
dhirah—the self-composed.
dhriti—spiritual patience, persistence.
dhyana—meditation.
Dwaita—dualism.

dwandwa—duality, pair of opposites.
GUDAKESHA—an epithet applied to Arjuna which means 'one

who has conquered sleep.'
guna—any one of the three essential modes of energy, of the

three primal qualities that form the nature of things.
guru—spiritual guide and teacher.
HRISHIKESHA—an epithet applied to Krishna which means

'Lord of the senses.'

indriya—any one of the ten senses (five of knowledge and five
of action).

Ishwara—lord; God, as lord of Nature.

jagat—world, universe (lit. "the moving").

JANARDANA—an epithet applied to Krishna which means

'one who has no birth and puts an end to the birth of other

beings.'

jiva—the individual soul.
jnana—knowledge.
jnata—knower.
kama—desire.
karana—cause.

karma—action entailing its consequences.
karta—a doer.

KAUNTEYA—an epithet applied to Arjuna which means 'son

of Kunti' (one of his mother's names).
KESHAVA—an epithet applied to Krishna which means 'one

who has long hair.'
Kshara—the mobile, the mutable.
Kutastha—stable; high-seated.

laya—dissolution of the individual being in the Brahman.
lila—creation as the play of God.
manas—the sense-mind as opposed to the reason.
mantra—the revealing word.

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Maya—the lower Prakriti (as distinguished from the Para

Prakriti).
Mayavada—the doctrine which holds that the world is unrea

and that it is created by the power of illusion.
moha—delusion.

moksha—liberation from Maya.
naishkarmya—actionlessness.
NARAYANA—an epithet applied to Krishna which means 'one

who has made the water his abode'.
nigraha—coercion of the nature.
nirguna—without qualities.
nishkama—free from desire, desireless.
nivritti—inaction.
niyamya—controlling.
niyata—controlled, regulated.
Param—supreme.

PARANTAPA—an epithet applied to Arjuna which means 'subju-
gator of all enemies'.
PARTHA—an epithet applied to Arjuna which means 'son of

Pritha' (one of his mother's names).
Pisacha—a hostile being of the lower vital world.
Prabhu— master.
prakasha—light, illumination.
Prakriti—Nature, creative energy (being more or less a synonym

for Shakti).
pralaya—dissolution.

prana—the nervous energy, the vital breath, the half-mental,
half-material dynamism which links mind and matter; the
outgoing breath.

pranayama—the Yogic exercise of the control of the respiration.
prasada—clearness and happy tranquillity.
pravritti—impulsion to works.

Purusha—Being or Soul as opposed to Prakriti which is Becom-
ing.

Purushottama—the Supreme Personality.
rahasyam—a secret.

Rakshasa—a hostile being of the middle vital world.
rajas—the guna that drives to action.
rajasic—belonging to the guna of action and passion.
rasa—affection of the senses (especially of pleasure).
Rishi—Seer.

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sadhana—spiritual self-training and exercise.
sadharmya—becoming of one law of being with the Divine;

oneness in nature with the Divine.
sadrishya—a synonym for sadharmya.
saguna—with the qualities.
sahaja—inborn, innate.
sakshi—a witness, the soul as a detached witness of the actions

of the nature.
salokya—dwelling in the Divine.
samadhi—the Yogic trance.
samagra—integral.

samata—equality of soul and mind to all things and happenings.
samipya—nearness to the Divine.
Sannyasa—(outward) renunciation.
sanyama—a spiritual control of the nature; a concentration or

directing of the consciousness.
sat—Being, existence, good.

sattwa—the guna that illumines, clarity, intelligence.
sattwic—belonging to the guna of light and happiness.
satyam—truth.

sayujya—contact with the Divine.
shabda—sound, word.
shakti—force, energy; the divine or cosmic Energy (being more

or less a synonym for Prakriti).
shastra—the scriptures, theory, prescribed rule.
shraddha—faith.
siddhi—Yogic perfection.
sloka—verse.
Sruti—revealed scripture (a general term for the Vedas and--

the Upanishads).
sthiti—status.

sukha—happiness, pleasure.
swabhava—the nature proper to each being.
swadharma—one's own law of action.
tamas—the guna. that hides or darkens, inertia, non-intelligence.
tamasic—belonging to the guna of ignorance and inertia.
tanmatra—any one of the five subtle energies which underlie

the respective sense-experiences of smell, taste, sight,

touch, hearing.

tapas—concentration of spiritual will force.
tapasya—a synonym for tapas.

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Tat—That.
tattwa—any one of the twenty-four principles of the cosmic

Energy which are enumerated by Sankhya.
tejah—force, energy.

traigunya—the state of being bound to the three gunas.
trigunatita—beyond the control of the three gunas.
turiya—the superconscient state.
tyaga— (inner) renunciation.
uttama—highest.

vairagya—distaste for the world and life.
vak—speech.
VASUDEVA—an epithet applied to Krishna which means 'son

of Vasudeva'.
Vedanta—a general term for all the Upanishads; a monistic

philosophy based on the Upanishads.
Vedavada—traditionary lore of the Vedic hymns and the Vedic

sacrifice.

Vibhu-'-the all-pervading Impersonal.
Vibhuti—divine power as manifested in the world.
vichara—reflective thought.
vidhi—order, rule.

vijnana—comprehensive knowledge.
vikara—deformation, distortion.
viveka—direct intuitive discrimination.
Yajna—sacrifice.
Yoga—union or oneness of the whole subjective being with the

Supreme. Aishwara Yoga (the divine Yoga)—that by

which the Transcendent is one with all existences even

while more than them all and dwells in them and contains

them as becomings of His own Nature.
Yuga—a cycle, age.

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